Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Antioxidant Activity of Annurca Apple By-Products at Different Ripening Stages: A Sustainable Valorization Approach

doi: 10.3390/antiox14080941

Figure Lengend Snippet: ABTS assay of ripe and unripe Annurca apple samples. ( A ) Flesh samples. ( B ) Peel samples. ( C ) Core samples. ( D ) Differences between samples of the different components. ( E ) Standards for positive control. Statistical analysis is performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. *** ( p < 0.001), ** ( p < 0.01), * ( p < 0.05), and ns ( p > 0.05).

Article Snippet: ABTS assay kit (E-BC-K271-M) was from ElabScience (Houston, TX, USA).

Techniques: ABTS Assay, Positive Control

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Nicotinamide Prevents Diabetic Brain Inflammation via NAD+-Dependent Deacetylation Mechanisms

doi: 10.3390/nu15143083

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of NAM on the brain NAD+ content and acetylated form of NFκB (p65) in brains of STZ-induced diabetic mice. ( a ) Brain NAD+ content. ( b ) Relative protein abundance of the acetylated NFκB (p65) obtained by western blot analysis and representative images of brain acetylated NFκB (p65) in each condition. ( c ) Relative protein abundance of the acetylated NFκB (p65) obtained by IHC analysis and representative images of brain acetylated NFκB (p65) in each condition. Abbreviations used: NAD+, oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NAM LD, low-dose, NAM-treated, diabetic mice; NAM HD, high-dose, NAM-treated, diabetic mice; non-T1D, group of mice without T1D; T1D, group of mice with T1D. Data are expressed as the mean (standard deviation) of 4–5 mice/group. Images of 10 randomly selected fields were used for quantification. The scale bar shown in the images represents 100 µm. Statistically significant differences among groups for each variable were determined using a parametric ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s posttest. Differences were considered significant when p -value < 0.05. Specifically, * p -value < 0.05 vs. non-diabetic group; † p -value < 0.05 vs. diabetic group.

Article Snippet: NAD+ levels were determined in brain tissue using an NAD/NADH colorimetric determination kit (cat# ab65348 Abcam) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Western Blot, Standard Deviation

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Nicotinamide Prevents Diabetic Brain Inflammation via NAD+-Dependent Deacetylation Mechanisms

doi: 10.3390/nu15143083

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relationship between relative NAD+ content and biomarkers of inflammation and microglial activation in brains from diabetic mice. ( a ) Correlation between relative levels of brain NAD+ content and IHC protein abundance of brain NFκB (p65). ( b ) Correlation between relative levels of brain NAD+ content and IHC protein abundance of brain acetyl-NFκB (p65). ( c ) Correlation between relative levels of brain NAD+ content and IHC protein abundance of brain IBA-1. ( d ) Correlation between relative levels of brain NAD+ content and IHC protein abundance of brain BDKRB-1. ( e ) Correlation between relative levels of brain NAD+ content and IHC protein abundance of brain TNFα. ( f ) Correlation between relative levels of brain NAD+ content and IHC protein abundance of brain F4/80. The relationship between parameters was tested using a parametric Pearson’s correlation test. The relative levels of brain NAD+ were calculated taking as 1 the mean of individual values for this parameter in untreated diabetic mice. Mice of all groups were considered for analysis.

Article Snippet: NAD+ levels were determined in brain tissue using an NAD/NADH colorimetric determination kit (cat# ab65348 Abcam) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Activation Assay